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Volume 44, 1994, p. 121–128 Neuro-visual Torticollis and Its Congeners (Abstract) Torticollis, derived from the Latin tortus (twisted) and collum (neck), is defined as "a contracted state of the cervical muscles, producing twisting of the neck and an unnatural position of the head." In clinical practice, the term refers to any abnormal head tilt, face turn, or vertical position of the head. Also known as "wryneck" or "caput obstipum," torticollis was first alluded to by Hippocrates (c. 500 B.C.) and later detailed by Plutarch (356-232 B C.). Throughout history, treatments for torticollis have ranged from elaborate splints and traction techniques to tenotomy of the neck. In 1873, Cuignet first described the condition known as ocular torticollis. Since that time, many forms of neuro-visual torticollis have been described. The purpose of this discussion is to review the systemic, neurological and ocular causes of torticollis with emphasis on the neuro-visual disorders that commonly manifest with an abnormal head posture. |
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