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American Orthoptic Journal AbstractTo request a single copy of any journal article, contact us at: 608 263-0654 (voice), or journals@wwwtest.uwpress.wisc.edu (email). Articles will be photocopied and mailed within two business days. Please prepay with VISA or MasterCard. Articles up to 29 pages in length are priced at $15.00. Articles containing 30 or more pages are priced at $25.00. For article reprints in quantities of 25-500 please use our online reprint ordering system by clicking Reprint Orders.
Volume 49, 1999, p. 2–6 Systemic and Pharmacological Effects on Near Vision (Abstract)
Near vision, which depends on good visual acuity, a normal convergence and accommodative mechanism, a normal voluntary saccadic system, and otherwise stable ocular position, can be affected by many systemic disorders and drugs which modify any of these operative factors. Convergence problems include the more commonly seen primary convergence accommodative synkenesis insufficiency and excess, but as well, result from destabilizing vergence disorders of convergence retraction nystagmus and convergence spasm. Convergence effort alone rarely can induce other forms of nystagmus at near. Saccadic dysfunction occurs in a large variety of muscular, neuromuscular and neurologic disorders. Accommodative insufficiency can result from head trauma, mononeuropathy affecting the third cranial nerve and ciliary ganglion, destructive intraocular disease as well as from systemic diseases such as botulism and diphtheria. Drugs can affect any of the near vision factors in dose related fashion. A complete history is paramount in reaching the correct diagnosis. (See review article: Smith JL, Buncic JR: Drugs Which Can Affect Near Vision: A Useful List, Am Orthopt J 1999; 49:180-190.) |
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